Journal of Ecophysiology and Occupational Health

P. B. Singh ¹, S. K. Nigam ¹, Rajveer Singh ¹, H. K. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Ganpat Sahai PG College, Sultanpur-228001, IN

Abstract

The objectives of the present investigation was to monitor the HCHs (isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane), DDTs (metabolites of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), chlorpyrifos in tissue bioaccumulation and plasma levels of cortisol between the sampling sites of the unpolluted ponds of Gujartal, Jaunpur (reference site) and the polluted rivers the Gomti (Jaunpur) and the Ganga (Varanasi) as stress hormone of some edible catfishes during non-breeding season owing to industrialization. The insecticides were measured by the gas liquid chromatography (GLC) and plasma cortisol by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbents Assay (ELISA). The results indicated that the presence of HCHs, DDTs and chlorpyrifos was much higher in the catfishes captured from the river Gomti than those of the river Ganga when compared to reference site. The plasma level of cortisol was low in the fishes captured from both the rivers. In conclusion, the fishes from polluted rivers showed high degree of contamination which caused stress and ultimately decreased the growth of edible fishes of riverine sources.

Keywords

Insecticides, Bioaccumulation, Wild Catfishes, Cortisol, Stress Hormone, River Pollution.

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Doyil T. Vengayil ¹, Jyoti Singh ², Ashwarya Luxmi Singh ³, V. K. Das ³, P. B. Singh ⁴

Affiliations
1 Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi-110016, IN
2 Department of Science and Technology, T. D. College, Jaunpur-222 002, IN
3 Department of Science and Technology, KNIPSS, Sultanpur-228 002, IN
4 Department of Science and Technology, Ganpat Sahai Postgraduate College, Sultanpur-228001, IN

Abstract

The aim of the present investigation was to monitor the levels of bioaccumulation of carbamates (Carbofuran, Carbaryl and Aldicarb) and pyrethroid insecticides (Cypermethrin and Deltamethrin) in liver, brain and ovary of captured catfish Bagarius bagarius from unpolluted ponds of Gujartal, Jaunpur (reference site) and polluted river Gomti, Jaunpur during pre-monsoon or breeding phase. The carbamates were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the pyrethroids by gas liquid chromatography (GLC). Results indicated that catfish B. bagarius captured from river Gomti have higher bioaccumulation of insecticides when compared to those from the reference site reflecting the degree of pesticide pollution present in those water bodies. The bioaccumulation of Carbofuran, Carbaryl and Aldicarb were significantly higher in the brain, liver and ovary in polluted fish as compared to the conspecific species captured from reference site. Likewise, the bioaccumulation of Cypermethrin and Deltamethrin was also higher in the studied tissues when compared with fish of same species captured from the reference site. Results indicated that the bioaccumulation of these insecticides cause metabolic disorder as well as affect the reproductive physiology of this species.

Keywords

Carbamates, Pyrethroids, Tissue, Bioaccumulation, Fish.

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S. K. Nigam ¹, Jyoti Singh ², Ashwarya Luxmi Singh ¹, V. K. Das ³, P. B. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Ganpat Sahai Postgraduate College, Sultanpur-228001, IN
2 T. D. College, Jaunpur-222 002, IN
3 KNIPSS, Sultanpur-228 002, IN

Abstract

The present investigation was performed to monitor the HCHs (HCH isomers), DDTs (DDT and its metabolites), chlorpyrifos, plasma levels of estradiol-17β (E2) and gonadosomatic index (GSI) between the sampling sites of the non-polluted ponds of Gujartal, Jaunpur (reference site) and the polluted river Gomti (Jaunpur), affecting the reproductive physiology of some edible female catfish during pre-monsoon season. The HCHs, DDTs and chlorpyrifos were measured by gas liquid chromatography (GLC) and hormone by Enzyme- Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The results indicated that the presence of HCHs, DDTs and chlorpyrifos was very high in the catfish captured from polluted river as compared from the conspecific fish captured from reference site. The GSI and E2 declined in female catfish of polluted site when compared to same species from reference site. Results have also indicated that catfish contained high bioaccumulation of HCHs, DDTs and chlorpyrifos which was beyond permissible limit as compared to the female catfish of the reference site. In conclusion, the fishes of river Gomti were highly polluted when compared with the fish of reference site as was evident from high levels of tissue bioaccumulation of HCHs, DDTs, chlorpyrifos and decreased levels of plasma E2 inhibiting the reproductive physiology of these species at receptor level. However, the levels exceeded maximum residue limits (MRL) as recommended by Codex, hence it is suggested that the fish containing pesticide residues beyond permissible limit should be avoided for the food purposes.

Keywords

Catfish, Estradiol-17β, HCHs, DDTs, Chlorpyrifos Bioaccumulation, Reproduction, Steroidogenesis, River Pollution.

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Vandana Singh ¹, S. S. Srivastava ¹, P. B. Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Zoology, T. D. College Jaunpur (UP), IN
2 Ganpat Sahai PG College, Sultanpur-228001, IN

Abstract

The aim of the present investigation was to assess the impact of cypermethrin exposure for 40 days at sublethal concentration (0.02 ppm) on gonado-somatic index (GSI) and the conjugation of plasma levels of free and conjugate reproductive sex steroids-testosterone (T), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), 17- hydroxyprogesterone (17-P) and 11-deoxycortisol (S) during prespawning and post-spawning phases of the annual reproductive cycle in freshwater male catfish, Heteronpneustes fossilis. Results indicate that there is decrease in conjugation (glucuronide and sulfate) after exposure. Histology of testes indicates gross condensation of spermatogenic cells, cytotoxic damage and vacuolization in the tubular epithelium in the testes after exposure. Cypermethrin causes inhibition of free to conjugate form of sex steroids. Obviously such changes and inhibition of free to its glucuronide and sulfate sex steroids causes the disturbances in the equilibrium of sex hormones and affects the pheromonal behavior and reproduction by these conjugates of this species.

Keywords

Cypermethrin, Histology, Sex Steroids, Conjugation, Catfish, Reproduction.

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